–The EU AI Act (Regulation 2024/1689) applies directly across all member states. Prohibitions on unacceptable-risk AI systems have been in force since 2 February 2025; GPAI model rules since 2 August 2025. High-risk AI obligations are due from 2 August 2026, subject to the Digital Omnibus proposal which may defer enforcement. For the full implementation timeline, governance structure, and current status, see the European Union overview.
–Spain was the first EU member state to establish a dedicated AI supervisory body: the Spanish Agency for the Supervision of Artificial Intelligence (AESIA), operational since 2024. AESIA is positioned as Spain's primary market surveillance authority under the Act.