–Russia has enacted binding AI-specific legislation through its Experimental Legal Regime (ELR) framework. Federal Law No. 123-FZ (2020, amended 2024) governs AI testing in regulatory sandboxes, including Moscow's AI development regime.
–Federal Law FZ No. 169 (passed by State Duma June 2024, in force January 2025) broadens liability for AI-related damages in digital innovation testing, mandates civil liability insurance for ELR participants, and establishes mechanisms for tracking AI incidents.
–The National AI Development Strategy until 2030 (Presidential Decree No. 490, updated February 2024) sets strategic objectives.
–A centralised AI coordination headquarters was established in November 2025 under the Government and Presidential Administration.
Key Sources
Federal Law FZ No. 169 — Digital Innovation and AI in Experimental Legal Regimes (January 2025)View — Digital Policy Alert ↗