–The EU AI Act (Regulation 2024/1689) applies directly across all member states. Prohibitions on unacceptable-risk AI systems have been in force since 2 February 2025; GPAI model rules since 2 August 2025. High-risk AI obligations are due from 2 August 2026, subject to the Digital Omnibus proposal which may defer enforcement. For the full implementation timeline, governance structure, and current status, see the European Union overview.
–The Rijksdienst voor Digitale Infrastructuur (RDI) has been designated as market surveillance authority. The Dutch Data Protection Authority (AP) is active on AI and data governance. The Netherlands is among the more advanced member states on implementation readiness.