–The EU AI Act (Regulation 2024/1689) applies directly across all member states. Prohibitions on unacceptable-risk AI systems have been in force since 2 February 2025; GPAI model rules since 2 August 2025. High-risk AI obligations are due from 2 August 2026, subject to the Digital Omnibus proposal which may defer enforcement. For the full implementation timeline, governance structure, and current status, see the European Union overview.
–The Federal Network Agency (BNetzA) has been proposed as lead market surveillance authority; the Federal Data Protection Commissioner (BfDI) is active on AI and data governance. The national AI Strategy was updated in 2023. AI liability and domestic implementation legislation is in preparation.